Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Clarified Bibliography - Essay Example Examination led by Rashad shows that adjustments in the pace of ripeness has happened in all Arab countries and this change was acknowledged by Arab countries at a postponement when contrasted with different countries, yet the decrease has been competent at an a lot quicker rate when contrasted with different countries. Rashad states that there have been a few causes that have contributed vigorously towards the moderate acknowledgment of decrease in richness rate among Arab countries and this complies with the conviction that Arab country and their populaces are safe towards tolerating change. In specific countries and individuals of these lucky countries experienced fruitfulness decay because of support of high yearnings and expanded chances. On the opposite end, there have been Arab countries that have encountered decrease in financial conditions alongside issues in making families have even prompted decrease in ripeness. Financial status of people in specific regions has assumed a n inspirational job in the acknowledgment of decrease in richness at a lot prior occasions when contrasted with different countries. Acknowledgment was even determined because of understanding of Islam which was liberal in nature. Individuals living in specific countries, particularly those in the Gulf district experienced moderate acknowledgment of decay as a result of sound dynamic bolstered with youngster bolster programs. Bedouin countries by and large have not been impervious to transform, they have encountered contrasts in tolerating change. The scientist attests that distinctions in the manner change is acknowledged and embraced in Arab countries and the conditions that drive the adjustments in the degree of ripeness in Arab country is comparative and steady with the progressions experienced all through the world and these discoveries are not at all like the previous discoveries of different specialists. This even shows scientists beforehand have overstated the issue of adjus tment to culture. The distinctions in these patterns even show that the speculations of progress that are as of now in presence have neglected to clarify the Arab countries instance of fruitfulness. On one hand speculations are steady with changes that are formative and cultural in nature, however then again the experience of Arab countries of decrease in ripeness has occurred under various conditions. Hypotheses of progress of fruitfulness pay accentuation to richness which is conjugal in nature, however the instance of Arab country has indicated that decrease in the pace of ripeness has happened because of modifications in changes in the recurrence of relationships occurring. The analyst further declares that changes that have just occurred and are proceeding to happen as consequence of changes in the recurrence of relationships in Arab countries plainly show that females in the Arab countries are wanting to remain unmarried for a more drawn out timeframe and a significant level o f the ladies populace in these areas even acknowledge to remain unmarried for the duration of their lives. Countries that have encountered most noteworthy changes in the course of events of the occasion of marriage incorporate Libya, Algeria, Syria, Morocco and others. Ladies in these areas acknowledge to stay unmarried till they arrive at the period of 30+ and these ladies represent 10 to 20% of the number of inhabitants in these districts. This has happened simultaneously when the ripeness paces of Arab countries are declining, which shows that as marriage rates are deferred and diminished, ladies are diminishing their inclusion in the demonstration of childrearing. This has come about in

Competitive Advantage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Upper hand - Research Paper Example From the paper plainly upper hand is probably going to be accomplished through various roads that incorporate the contribution of unrivaled quality items or administrations. A portion of these practices include the bringing down of costs just as bringing the endeavors up in the market. An upper hand that is reasonable is one that keeps up a great situation above others over an extensive stretch of time which is indispensable in boosting its picture in the commercial center. Moreover its valuations along with future acquiring possibilities are likewise placed into thought. As the conversation stresses upper hand is isolated into two, to be specific similar preferred position (otherwise called cost advantage) just as differential favorable position. Near favorable position is the limit of creating great items or administrations at lower costs that business rivals. It gives a business firm the penchant to selling products alongside administrations at moderately scaled down costs in contrast with the opposition or creating huge deal edges. Differential favorable position then again is established when the items or administrations of a firm vary from those of the contenders and are seen as better contrasted with those of the contenders. Associations in high PDs are brought together with solid progressive systems and large holes regarding pay and authority, while low PD places administrators just as representatives are viewed as equivalent. In the previous, it is imperative to recognize authority of pioneers and the last expects one to utilize cooperation.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for PTSD

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for PTSD September 29, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Getty/Photographers choice/Peter Dazeley A number of people have had success in using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If you are struggling with symptoms of PTSD, ACT for PTSD may be helpful. Learn about why this therapy can help and the five goals of treatment. Treatment Options for PTSD The Rationale Behind Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for PTSD From an early age, we learn to label some feelings as bad and others as good. For example, sadness and anxiety are viewed as bad or negative emotions  and happiness and joy as good or positive ones. Its understandable, then, that we try to have a few painful feelings, and as many positive ones, as possible.  In particular, when we feel emotional pain, we tend to try to get away from it, but this form of avoidance usually doesnt work well in the long run. Avoidance doesnt work because emotional pain is a part of life. We cant really avoid it. Everyone at some point or another has painful feelings such as sadness, anxiety, or anger.   How we choose to respond to painful feelings can be the difference between getting through the pain or keeping it going and making it worse. In fact, trying to avoid or escape painful thoughts and feelings may be what leads to suffering and psychological disorders.  For example, a person whos lived through a traumatic event may be constantly flooded by memories of the trauma as well as by anxiety and fear. As a result, the person may try to get temporary relief through drugs or alcohol (self-medicating.) That may work in the short run, but in the long run, the alcohol or drugs will do nothing to relieve the pain. Instead, the pain is likely to get worseâ€"and introduce a host of other problems. What Can Be Done? ACT is a behavioral treatment based on the idea that suffering comes not from feeling emotional pain but from our attempts to avoid that pain. ACT is used to treat PTSD and other mental health disorders. The overall goal of ACT is to help people be both open and willing to experience their inner feelings while they focus attention, not on trying to escape or avoid pain (because this is impossible), but on living a meaningful life. The 5 Goals of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for PTSD and other mental health disorders can be broken down into five goals. If you choose to have this therapy and pursue these goals, heres what you can expect to learn and achieve: Recognizing That Trying to Escape Emotional Pain Will Never Work ACT therapists call this goal creative hopelessness. Its met when you see that all the things youve been trying to do to avoid emotional pain do not work, and there will probably never be an effective way of completely removing emotional pain from your life. Understanding That Control Is the Problem The second goal of ACT is your understanding that your problems come not from the emotional pain itself but from your attempts to control or avoid it. In fact, from your ACT for PTSD, you may learn that trying to control emotional pain has the opposite effect: Besides potentially making the pain worse, you may spend so much time and energy trying to avoid it that you have none left for pursuing positive things in your life. Viewing yourself as Separate From Your Thoughts Our thoughts are very believable. A person who has experienced a traumatic event may have thoughts of being a bad person or broken or damaged. However, although these thoughts may feel true, they are only thoughts. They are not a reflection of what is really true. A third goal in ACT for PTSD is for people to learn to take a step back from their thoughts and not buy into them as truth. A thought is just a thought. It is not a reflection of who the person really is. Stopping the Struggle At this stage during your ACT for PTSD, youll be encouraged to stop your tug-of-war with your thoughts and feelings. The goal is to let go of attempts to avoid or control your thoughts and feelings and, instead, to practice being both open and willing to experience thoughts and feelings for what they are and not what you think they are (for example, bad or dangerous). Committing to Action Avoiding emotional pain requires a huge amount of energy for people with PTSD. It can consume your life. As a result, you may not be placing much time or energy into living a meaningful and rewarding life. Therefore, the final goal of your ACT for PTSD is identifying areas of importance in your life (referred to as values in ACT) and increasing the time you spend doing things that are consistent with those values, no matter what emotions or thoughts may arise. For example, a person who has experienced a sexual assault may fear or feel anxious about getting into relationships again, despite valuing closeness and intimacy. In ACT, people are encouraged to engage in actions consistent with their values (for example, reconnecting with an old friend) while being open and willing to feel any anxiety that may arise as a result. Not avoiding that anxiety keeps it from getting worse, and it will be less likely to get in the way of the persons pursuit of a meaningful life. Choosing ACT Therapy for Your PTSD Many therapists now specialize in ACT therapy (see below) but there are other methods of pursuing this therapy as well. From primary care clinics to day-long group workshops, to smartphone applications, to telehealth options, there are many ways in which people with PTSD can pursue acceptance and commitment therapy. Find Help With the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Where Can I Learn More About ACT? ACT has been found to be helpful for a number of people suffering from psychological disorders and is gaining in popularity. You can learn more about ACT, as well as therapists who specialize in ACT in your area, at the Association for Contextual Behavioral Sciences website. Questions to Ask a New Therapist

Case Studies in IMFs Investment on the African Continent

Case Studies in IMF Investment on the African Continent Section I. Theoretical Background to Apply to Case Studies During the height of World War II, leaders from 45 nations met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, U.S. to promote international monetary cooperation through a permanent institution which provides the machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems, promote and facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade, and to contribute thereby to the promotion and maintenance of high levels of employment and real income and to the development of the productive resources of all members (International Monetary Fund, Articles 2). Further mandates included orderly and stable exchange, avoiding currency depreciation wars and to remove hindrance to international trade caused by the immediate-term (current) technical complexities of currency exchange between nations. This would help recovery for European nations lying in ruins from war and prevent a return to the depression that had emaciated the United States, and global demand for exports, over the decade preceding World War II. Effectively, what happens is when countries want to import goods, they either have to directly barter those for their own exports, or first buy currency from the exporting country with which to purchase the exports. Exporting countries often want payment in their own currency, so if the purchasing country has a reserve of the foreignShow MoreRelatedBy Outlining the Current Global Political Economy, Discuss to What Extent the Current Global Political Economy Undermines National Development in the South.4509 Words   |  19 Pages and their relations with law, custom, and government, as well as with the distribution of national income and wealth, including through the budget process. Political economy originated in moral philosophy. It developed in the 18th century as the study of the economies of states, polities, hence political economy. In the late 19th century, the term economics came to replace political economy, coinciding with publication of an influential textbook by Alfred Marshall in 1890.[1] Earlier, WilliamRead MoreWhat Is Meant by Developmentalism: What Is Its Impact on Global Politics?2681 Words   |  11 PagesHistory of aid According to Goldin Reinert (2006, p114) link the history of modern aid to colonialism; â€Å" in so far as colonialism was driven by and exercise driven by a desire to stimulate and then exploit economic activity abroad, providing investment capital, technology, and technical assistance to colonies was integral to the process† (2006, 115). Institutions such as the United Nations, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund in the wake of World War II (WWII) to facilitateRead MoreInternational Aid Or Development Assistance Essay2412 Words   |  10 Pagesthe recipient country. Bilateral aid is the largest form of international aid. It is when the government of one country donates to the government of another country. One of the implications that arise out of bilateral aid is that it also (in some cases) constitutes for â€Å"tied aid.† Tied aid is when the donor government places rules on the aid that is provided (Florensa, J). Tied aid reduces the effectiveness of aid, the value of money and the [sustainable] economic growth of the recipient countryRead MoreWal-Mar Global Expansion Strategy10037 Words   |  41 PagesRetail Industry Overview Macro Environmental Analysis External Factors Micro Environmental Analysis Porter’s Five Forces Model SWOT Feasibility Study Recommendation F. Expansion Target: Israel General Overview Retail Industry Overview Macro Environmental Analysis External Factors Micro Environmental Analysis Porter’s Five Forces Model SWOT Feasibility Study Recommendation G. Conclusion H. References/Sources I. 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Governments can still restrict the multinationalization ofRead MoreThe Ethiopian Financial Sector Reform29124 Words   |  117 PagesADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES EFFECTS OF THE ETHIOPIAN FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORM ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BANKS AND THE MARKET SHARE DYNAMICS By Dawit Keno A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Economics OCTOBER, 2009 i Acknowledgement The author of this thesis acknowledges the support and technical assistance from many sources. I am gratefulRead MoreImpact of Globalization and Bangladesh18126 Words   |  73 Pagesthe effect of globalization is needed to use its advantages to improve her economy. This may also help Bangladesh maintain a sustained growth in the face of likely economic peril. This paper studies both negative and positive impacts of globalization on some selected economic sectors of Bangladesh. It also studies some ameliorative measures to overcome the negative impacts and also the ways to exploit the opportunities created. Finally the paper recommends some measures for Bangladesh to meet the challenges

Crime Is A Learned Behavior - 843 Words

The focus is to create awareness of how we allow outside influences determine our behavior in a given situation. Criminologists have determined that what we see others do, how much we may fear reprimands, and how we are classified in the social environment will have a reflection of how we conduct ourselves on an everyday basis. For example, a child who is allowed to slap or hit another child without any reprisal while their parent, may perceive this as normal behavior and will grow up thinking that they have the right to strike another person any time they are angry and upset. Whereas, the child that is reprimanded for this type of behavior, is more likely to develop the understanding that hitting is wrong and will refrain from such action as an adult. We all learn from our parents, siblings, close family members and later develop personal friendships outside blood ties. The social learning theory of the social process approach uses past and present relationships to tie into crim inal activity. According to Siegel (2012), â€Å"crime is a learned behavior.† (Siegel, 2012, p. 236) Young children and teenagers who are raised in an environment where the parent smokes cigarettes or drinks alcohol on a regular basis, view these acts as normal, typical adult behavior and may be more prone to experiment at an early age. This example can also run along the same lines as smoking marijuana and taking prescription medications illegally. They soon accept these habits as normal andShow MoreRelatedEssay Is Crime a Biological or Learned Behavior?1275 Words   |  6 Pagesthe want to reduce crime, and to determine if there is a way to detect and prevent individuals from committing crime. Determining what causes criminality is still not perfectly clear and likewise, there is still debate as to whether crime is caused biologically, environmentally, or socially. Furthermore, the debate is directly correlated to the notion of nurture vs nature. Over time many resear chers have presented various theories pertaining to what causes criminal behavior. There are many theoriesRead MoreBehavioral Learning Theory Essay901 Words   |  4 PagesThe Behavioral Learning Theory believes that behavior is learned from either the environment, the people in the individuals life, the media, or society as a whole. This theory contradicts the Biological theory, which states that criminals are born to be bad and that criminal behavior is inherited. The behavioral theory looks at the environment as well as societys impact on how an individual acts which might be the reason for criminal behavior. This theory blames the environment as well as theRead More4.Sociology Is The Study Of Society Using Empirical Investigation,1072 Words   |  5 Pagesfamily, physical attributes, economic status, and education. At a personal level, sociology can explain social causes and consequences of such things as racial and gender identity, family conflict, deviant behavior, and religion. While at a societal level, sociology examines matters like crime and law, poverty and wealth, prejudice and discrimination, schools and education, and social movements. At the global level, sociology studies population growth and migration, war and peace, and economic developmentRead MoreThe Theory Of Differential Association Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Why do criminals commit crime? How to we learn to commit crime? These questions can be answered using social learning theory. Social learning approach is the assumption that all human behavior is socially learned (Thompson, Bynum 2013 115). The theory of differential association was developed by Edwin Sutherland to try and explain the development of criminal behavior. Essentially what this theory says is that deviant group behavior results from normative conflict. Normative conflictRead MoreDifferential Association Theory By Edwin H. Sutherland969 Words   |  4 PagesDifferential Association theory by Edwin H. Sutherland states that criminal behavior is learned. Sutherland’s theory is essentially arguing that individuals that engage in criminal activity have learned to engage in criminal activity from association with others. Differential Association theory is broken down into nine propositions. The first proposition is that criminal behavior is learned (Sutherland, 2010). T he second proposition states that the interaction with the other person or persons hasRead MoreThe Reasons Why People Commit Crime1659 Words   |  7 Pagesare many reason why people commit crime. Many people have created theories on why people commit crime and how to reduce the crime rates. People commit crime due to constant strain. They, also, commit crime because they are constantly exposed to definitions that favor crime. For example, some people have parents that are criminal due to their parents being criminals and still around them the child would not view crime as bad or harmful. People, also, may commit crime because they have week social bondsRead MoreEssay Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour1357 Words   |  6 PagesCrime theories are still in a development stage; it is an evolutionary process that continues to this day. Crime is still a complex and misunderstood phenomenon with no concrete evidence when it comes to human behavior. Throughout time there have been endless amounts of crime theories, few of which revolve around biological explanations. We have Cesare Lombroso and the Positive School who thought that criminals were genetically different from the rest of the general population, that they were biologicallyRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime And Deviance1248 Words   |  5 Pagesliving. A child raised with an abrupt childhood and a child raised in a well-educated family are both likely to become future incarcerated individuals due to deviant behavior. Genetics has no role in determining criminality however social interaction with the world and individuals can be a leading factor in a person’s criminogenic nature. Crime within the world is indeed prevalent everywhere and is just as common as it was in the Victorian or Egyptian era. However, to prevent the expansion of a broad andRead MoreAlex Gibney’s Client 9: The Rise and Fall of Eliot Spitzer1037 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal and deviant behavior is not always inher ently part of an individuals nature, it is learned. It’s not inherited or a result of a biological condition. Rather, criminal and deviant behavior is learned in the same way all other behaviors are learned. According to Edwin H. Sutherland in his differential association theory, learning comes from interactions between individuals and groups. Individuals commit criminal or deviant acts due to repeated contacts and interactions with criminal activityRead MoreDefinition Of Differential Association Theory917 Words   |  4 Pagesaround for over 30 years which is one of the most popular theories that there is in criminal behaviors. The differential association theory is considered to be one of the most and best formulation of theory of criminality, holds, in essence, that criminality in learned interactions from others through a way of communication (Cressey, 1954). Sutherland he explains how individual behaviors are learned behaviors and that people are not born to be criminal s. With this theory Sutherland state that the learning

Walter Dean Myers Amazing Author Free Essays

Raymond Palacio 4/26/12 Period 1 Walter Dean Myers is a well established author who writes compelling stories of the struggles of young adults. Walter Dean Myers became well known by his astounding achievements and amazing literature. A big part of what made Walter who he is today is his early life and how it affected his writing, his first success, his background, how his writing contributed to our youth, the controversies about him, and the fact of should his books be red in a high school. We will write a custom essay sample on Walter Dean Myers: Amazing Author or any similar topic only for you Order Now The great quality that Walter Dean Myers possesses is the quality to understand the everyday problems of children young adults; this quality was greatly mastered by events that affected Walter Dean Myers Early life and how this inspired him to write. As a child, Walter Dean Myers had speech impairment in school. This problem with his speech meant that he had trouble reading regular written or printed words. Soon after an incident in class, which involved a speech to the class, Walter Dean Myers’s teacher noticed that it was much easier for him to read his own written words. This inspired him to write poems and short stories. Later when Walter was seventeen, he dropped out of high school and served in the army for three years. The struggles of being in the army only intensified his love towards writing. Shortly after exiting the army, Walter only had low paying jobs to do such as working in post office, as a messenger, and as a factory interviewer for the New York State Bureau of Labor. To any person; these are all great examples of early life events that affected his writing and his writing style. In 1968, Walter Dean Myers challenged himself to further his love for writing by entering in a children’s book competition geared towards African American writers. Little did he know but, this competition would change his life. Walter Dean Myers decided to enter a book that he wrote called â€Å"Where Does the Day Go? † Walter’s Book won the competition, and officially became published and was also Walter’s first success in 1969. Recalling what he said that day,† I won the contest! † said Walter Dean Myers. This was the first and best achievement he has done, and once he did it, he wanted to make this his life’s work. Walter Dean Myers is without question one of the best authors of today even though he had some struggles in his life. Walter was born in the middle of the great depression in 1937. He was a born in a town called Martinsburg, Virginia. Walter’s mother died while giving birth to him, so without hesitation, Walter’s mother’s good friend to adopt. Walter’s new parents changed his middle name from â€Å"Milton† to â€Å"Dean†. Soon after the adoption, Walter and his new parents moved to Harlem in New York City. Walter became accustomed to the city life and was in school. One day in class, Walter’s teacher caught him reading a comic book; he remembered that moment very well. Walter’s teacher took the comic book and ripped it into a million pieces. He was really upset, but she brought him a giant pile of books from her personal library. Walter remembered it being the best thing that ever happened to him. Walter Dean Myers soon became a book worm and grew into a man who loved books and wrote amazing stories of the struggles of young adults. Walter Dean Myers has contributed a lot to our youth. He provides a compelling perspective on the hard-hitting issues faced by at risked teens and young adults. Walter Dean Myers can understand young adults. He makes teens, which read his books; seek to portray the beauty of the African American experience, requiring young adults to question their values and decisions. Walter Dean Myers was also elected the National Ambassador for Young Peoples Literature by the Librarian Congress for 2012 and 2013. To meet the criteria, means you have contribution to young adults and relate to children. Though Walter Dean Myers is an expressful and outspoken author for our youth, some concerned parents raised some controversies about one of Walter dean Myers’s best books, â€Å"Fallen Angles†. This controversy was challenged by Texas, Virginia, Kansas, Illinois, Idaho, and North Carolina. The book was challenged for its racism, offensive language and the violence of war. The book was also challenged for its slang terms for homosexuals. Even the though there were only a few controversies about one of Walter Dean Myers’s books, He still is an intelligent author who understands and relates to young adults. Many schools over go the one question of whether Walter Dean Myers’s books should be read in their high schools. With out a doubt this author is the perfect role model to influence young adults; in what any better way than a high school library. The role of the modern high school library is run by a librarian and this librarian has to go through vigorous amounts of schooling and English degrees. The librarian decides what should be allowed into the library and is a very influential person when it comes to references and connections to the modern societies’ literature. Our schools sometimes have to ban some books but not many have been banned. If a book is challenged, the book then will go through different stages to determine whether it is truly an inappropriate book for our youth. But with Walter Dean Myers, you will not find a better insight on the struggles of today’s youth. The famous Walter Dean Myers is truly an influential figure and a great author that decisively depicts the struggles of today’s youth and young adults. His work has continuously acknowledged today’s generation of youth and writes compelling struggles of young adults. Walter Dean Myers grew up to be an amazing, aspiring, writer and has truly proven to everyone that he indeed has unlocked that secret to understanding young adults. Anyone reading one of his books will grasp the terminology and theme of which is written in his multiple award winning books. All in all Walter Dean Myers is and will always be one of the greatest authors of today’s literature aiming for the younger age group, such as young adults and children. How to cite Walter Dean Myers: Amazing Author, Papers

Tools And Techniques Organizational Change â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Tools And Techniques Organizational Change? Answer Introducation Summary-This case study is on the organizational change management that was undertaken when Smithkline of the USA and Beecham of the UK merged in 1989. It focused on formulating a new company culture, values and leadership. The process of company-wide communication adopted was simply better throughout the company. The company used an external agent of change to help guide the process. The participative level restructuring that was implemented in 1994 however proved largely unsuccessful. Question one- The main management lesson in introducing change at SKB was that there is a difference between corporate level and unit level restructuring in organizational change (Oakland Tanner, 2007). While the corporate level was largely successful, the unit level changes proved to be a challenge. Lack of adequate resource allocation for implementing activities at unit level was one such problem. Opposition and suspicion of change at the production sites was also another challenge that was witnessed. Balancing organizational change activities, while maintaining production levels, proved to be unrealistic. Question two- One of the key lessons is that there should be enough resource allocation with activities designed during the OD change. Although there was significant allocation for resources during the training phase, there was a deficit for the same when it came to implementation (Cameron Green, 2012). Another lesson is that employees can be overburdened with too many activities at the same time, while being expected to maintain production levels. The use of external change agents also proved to have its shortcomings as it increased suspicion amongst employees. References Cameron, E., Green, M. (2012). Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. London: Kogan Page. Oakland, J. S., Tanner, S. (2007). Successful Change Management. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 18(1/2), 1. doi:10.1080/14783360601042890

Investigatory Projects Essay Example

Investigatory Projects Essay Flowers Used for Dye Hollyhocks Hollyhock, or Alcea rosea, petals are available in varying shades from nearly white to almost black. The dyes made from these petals range in color from bright green to greenish brown depending upon how the blossoms are prepared. According to Rakhi Shanker and Padma S. Vankar from the Facility for Ecological and Analytical Testing in Kanpur, India, a substance such as alum or other metal salts is used to make the dye stay on the fabric without quickly washing out. This substance is called a mordant. Shanker and Vankar experimented with mordants such as copper sulphate and stannic chloride as well as alum and found that the color varied depending upon which mordant was used. Saffron Saffron, or Crocus sativus, creates a strong yellow dye. According to W. P. Armstrong from Palomar College, saffrons blossoms contain a coloring pigment in their stigmas, which are the long tube-like structures inside the middle of the blossoms. This coloring pigment is called crocin, and it is a distant relative of vitamin A. The stigmas are dried and used for dyeing. The website indicates that approximately 4000 flowers are needed to make a single ounce of dye. Saffron was once used to dye the robes of Irish royalty, according to Armstrong. It is used most often as a food coloring. Royal Poinciana Delonix regia is also known as Royal poinciana or Gulmohur. These trees produce striking golden and scarlet flowers during the spring. Dyes created from gulmohur blossoms range in shades from golden yellow to dark brown, depending upon the mordant. According to K. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory Projects specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory Projects specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory Projects specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Anitha and S. N. Prasad from the Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History in India, dyes that used turmeric powder as a mordant produced golden yellow or dark tan shades on silk depending upon whether the whole flowers or just the petals were used. A 10 percent alum solution produced olive green. Safflower Younsook Shin from Chonnam National University in Korea indicates that Korea has a long tradition of using safflower as a natural dye. Safflower petals contain carthamin, which produces red, and safflower yellow B, which roduces an orange-yellow color. Healthline adds that safflowers were traditionally used to dye silk yellow or red. The blossoms were also dried, finely ground and mixed with talc to produce rouge. Safflower dye is commonly used to add color to foods. Making Natural Dyes From Plants Did you know that a great source for natural dyes can be found right in your own back yard! Roots, nuts and flowers are just a few common natural ways to get many colors. Yel low, orange, blue, red, green, brown and grey are available. Go ahead, experiment! Gathering plant material for dyeing: Blossoms should be in full bloom, berries ripe and nuts mature. Remember, never gather more than 2/3 of a stand of anything in the wild when gathering plant stuff for dying. To make the dye solution: Chop plant material into small pieces and place in a pot. Double the amount of water to plant material. Bring to a boil, then simmer for about an hour. Strain. Now you can add your fabric to be dyed. For a stronger shade, allow material to soak in the dye overnight. Getting the fabric ready for the dye bath: You will have to soak the fabric in a color fixative before the dye process. This will make the color set in the fabric. Color Fixatives: Salt Fixative (for berry dyes) 1/2 cup salt to 8 cups cold water Plant Fixatives (for plant dyes) 4 parts cold water to 1 part vinegar Add fabric to the fixative and simmer for an hour. Rinse the material and squeeze out excess. Rinse in cool water until water runs clear. Dye Bath: Place wet fabric in dye bath. Simmer together until desired color is obtained. The color of the fabric will be lighter when its dry. Also note that all dyed fabric should be laundered in cold water and separately. Muslin, silk, cotton and wool work best for natural dyes and the lighter the fabric in color, the better. White or pastel colors work the best. NOTE: Its best to use an old large pot as your dye vessel. Wear rubber gloves to handle the fabric that has been dyed, the dye can stain your hands. Its also important to note, some plant dyes may be toxic, check with the Poison Control Center if unsure. Shades of orange -Alder Bark (orange) Bloodroot will give a good orange to reddish orange color. Sassafras (leaves) Onion (skin) – orange Lichen (gold) Carrot (roots) orange Lilac (twigs) yellow/orange Barberry (mahonia sp. ) yellow orange (with alum) very strong ; permanent. Any part of the plant will work. Giant Coreopsis (Coreopsis gigantea) Yields bright permanent orange with alum. Turmeric dyed cloth will turn orange or red if it is dipped in lye. Pomagrante – with alum anywhere fro m orange to khaki green. Butternut (seed husks) orange Eucaluptus (leaves and bark) beautiful shades of tan, orange and brown. Shades of red Elderberry red Red leaves will give a reddish brown color I use salt to set the dye. Sumac (fruit) light red Sycamore (bark)- red Dandelion (root) Beets deep red Bamboo turkey red Crab Apple (bark) red/yellow Rose (hips) Chokecherries Madder (root) red Hibiscus Flowers (dried) Kool-aid Canadian Hemlock (bark) reddish brown Japanese Yew (heartwood) brown dye Wild ripe Blackberries Brazilwood St. Johns Wort (whole plant) soaked in alcohol red Bedstraw (root) red

Free Essays on Women In Westward Expansion

From the early 1840’s to the late 1860’s, an era of westward expansion took place. Over this period of time, pioneers from all across the â€Å"Old World† decided to embark on a journey to the â€Å"New Country†, a land of unending farmland, furs, and rivers in the newly acquired California and Oregon Territories (Schlissel, 19). After the United States annexed the Republic of Texas and the British were out of Oregon, the pioneers wanted to explore their â€Å"manifest destiny†, or their belief that they had rights to expand across North America (Faragher & Stansell, 310). Most of the men who decided to expand westward did so because they were farmers looking for new land to cultivate. With reports of lush, fertile lands to the west and the looming depression in 1837, farmers searched for a way to improve their quality of life. One farmer said his reason for leaving was because he felt â€Å"people were settling right under his nose (Schlissel, 20),† even though his neighbor was over 10 miles away. So, like most men, he packed up and got ready for the grueling journey, whether his family liked it or not. Some women only had a few weeks notice that the family was moving to Oregon, while others had enough time to prepare as best they could. Once their husband’s mind was made up, the only thing women could do was, at best, delay the journey. Not all women were against the idea of their families undertaking the journey to Oregon; some shared their enthusiasm. Miriam Tuller wrote, â€Å"I was possessed with a spirit of adventure and a desire to see what was new and strange (Schlissel, 42).† Most women were reluctant to leave their family and friends at home. In most cases, families and friend stayed together and decided to go west together. In fact, the largest proportion of emigrants in the 1840’s were families (F & S, 312). Feeding a family on the trail was a huge task usually taken on by the women. Women coped wi... Free Essays on Women In Westward Expansion Free Essays on Women In Westward Expansion From the early 1840’s to the late 1860’s, an era of westward expansion took place. Over this period of time, pioneers from all across the â€Å"Old World† decided to embark on a journey to the â€Å"New Country†, a land of unending farmland, furs, and rivers in the newly acquired California and Oregon Territories (Schlissel, 19). After the United States annexed the Republic of Texas and the British were out of Oregon, the pioneers wanted to explore their â€Å"manifest destiny†, or their belief that they had rights to expand across North America (Faragher & Stansell, 310). Most of the men who decided to expand westward did so because they were farmers looking for new land to cultivate. With reports of lush, fertile lands to the west and the looming depression in 1837, farmers searched for a way to improve their quality of life. One farmer said his reason for leaving was because he felt â€Å"people were settling right under his nose (Schlissel, 20),† even though his neighbor was over 10 miles away. So, like most men, he packed up and got ready for the grueling journey, whether his family liked it or not. Some women only had a few weeks notice that the family was moving to Oregon, while others had enough time to prepare as best they could. Once their husband’s mind was made up, the only thing women could do was, at best, delay the journey. Not all women were against the idea of their families undertaking the journey to Oregon; some shared their enthusiasm. Miriam Tuller wrote, â€Å"I was possessed with a spirit of adventure and a desire to see what was new and strange (Schlissel, 42).† Most women were reluctant to leave their family and friends at home. In most cases, families and friend stayed together and decided to go west together. In fact, the largest proportion of emigrants in the 1840’s were families (F & S, 312). Feeding a family on the trail was a huge task usually taken on by the women. Women coped wi...

Investment Portfolio paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Robert Reich’s “Supercapitalism” Chapter 2 Analysis

Robert Reich’s â€Å"Supercapitalism† Chapter 2 Analysis Richard (Ben) Dowden Analysis of a chapter from Robert Reich’s â€Å"Supercapitalism† Outline of Reich, chapter 2 Argument outline of Reich, chapter 2 Overall argument Since the 1970’s competition between corporations grew as technology developed, American companies began to pursue profit to remain competitive resulting in supercapitalism triumphing over democratic capitalism. Reasons Globalisation, new production processes and deregulation increased competition giving consumers and investors more choices. Increase in investor culture drove companies to compete for shareholders (i.e. highest possible profits) regardless of their social responsibility. The decline in union membership as a result of pursuits in profit has led to the decline of power workers have over their employers, the corporations. Evidence for reason 1 In Section 2 (pp. 56-60), Reich describes how technology developed for use in the Cold War had influence over American business. He asserts the technology had three indirect outgrowths: globalisation, new production processes and deregulation (p.60). He argues that each of these outgrowths increased business competition giving concrete evidence for each in the following sections. Section 3 (pp. 60-63) argues that globalisation has reduced the cost of overseas trade creating opportunities for global supply chains. Reich states that the Vietnam War resulted in the growth of commercial, global logistics. Reich gives concrete evidence of how seven new containership companies entered the market in the year following the war and how industry grew at a high rate thereafter (p.61). Moreover, Reich argues this created the concept of global supply chains. Reich notes the great increase in American imports from American owned overseas factories between 1969 and 1983 (p.62). He then gives examples describing large companies’ global supply chains (p.62). Section 4 (pp.64-65) argues new production processes trumped the economies of scale used by the oligopolies resulting in a marketplace growing in complexity. Reich gives examples of how new production processes allows specialisation. He explains how standardised steel gave way to specialised galvanised steels designed for a niche market (p.64). Furthermore, a huge brand like Coca-Cola faced a variety of specialised drinks taking away Coca-Cola’s market share (p.65). In section 5 (pp.65-70) Reich argues that as businesses innovated, new profitable, yet restricted opportunities were discovered within regulated markets, companies lobbied for deregulation, driving competition. Reich states that in some cases, deregulation put companies out of business since they lost the cross-subsidies from other previously regulated, profitable companies. He gives evidence of the Bell System’s segmented telecommunication companies based in the country becoming unviable, opening business opportunities to smaller, extremely competitive companies (p. 68). Furthermore, trucking and airline deregulation led to added competition, particularly in freight (p.69). Evidence for reason 2 At the end of section 5 (pp.65-70) Reich quotes Edward E. Furash stating that due to the change in psyche in American’s management of wealth, the American financial system will shift towards competing for investors (p.70). Reich describes the financial deregulation of banking giving new opportunities to investors among others he gave evidence of stock broker, Merrill Lynch setting up mutual funds (p.67). Reich seems to contribute the increase in investment choice and effectiveness because of deregulation to savers becoming investors. Reich backs the claim with statistics at the start of section 6 (pp.70-75) citing the increase in percentage of households owning stock (pp.70-71). Reich goes on to say this also coincided with the bull market of 1980-2000 (p.71). His overall argument here is that companies had to compete for investors which meant maximising returns. Reich gives evidence of how profit margins rose from the beginning of the 1980 to 2000 at a high rate of change (pp.72-73). He also gives evidence of how the number of companies that ran at lower profit margins that were subjected to hostile takeovers increased by a factor of 11 from the 1970’s to the 80’s (pp.73-74). In Section 7 (pp.75-80), Reich begins by quoting the former CEO of Coca-Cola stating companies have the sole responsibility of generating returns for their investors (p.75). He continues to point out a CEO’s job security is increasingly attributed to the company’s stock price recommendation. 50% of CEOs’ company’s stock was downgraded in investment recommendation were fired in the following six months (p.76). Reich uses evidence of how 60% of senior executives in the Fortune 500 companies had been at their firm for fewer than six years (p.76). His argument is that CEO’s no longer have room to worry about the social consequences of their organisation. He uses the example of Malden Mills, a family-owned textiles company which ran at a loss manufacturing in New England. Their CEO did not want to close the factory since the local economy had high dependencies on it – he was eventually sacked by the company’s creditors (p.79). Evidence for reason 3 Section 8 (pp.80-86) focusses on the decline in union membership starting from the 1970’s. He cites evidence from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics of how union membership rapidly declined beginning in the 1970’s (p.80). He explains this is a consequence of employers contesting unions, giving concrete evidence of this through the decrease of uncontested union elections (p.80). Reich also gives evidence of how the rate of illegal dismissals of union members rose through the 1970’s and into the 90’s (p.81). Reich’s explanation for corporations’ behaviour was related to cutting the costs of the payroll to remain competitive as consumers and investors looked for the cheapest deal. Reich gives concrete evidence of how the nonunionised sector of the American economy grew at a greater rate than the unionised sector (pp.82-83). This increase in opposition arising from nonunionised companies forced unionised corporations fight the unions to remain competitive. Reich uses evidence from a range of industries to describe this citing: the air travel industry (p.83), the ‘Big Three’ American car manufacturers (pp.83-85) and the construction industry (p.85). Reich goes on to explain how the public services sector was never unionised, consequently suffering low wages. Reich uses the evidence of how members of the public services industry went on strike responding to their wages being cut as anti-union Wal-Mart entered their industry (p.86). Reflection: How the chapter intersects with my life The chapter reaffirmed my own opinion that wealth distribution in developed nations, particularly America’s, is unequal. It shows that while deregulation may improve its GDP per capita, it doesn’t guarantee a higher quality of life. In fact, in more regulated economies like in Scandinavia, quality of life indicators are higher since wealth distribution is far more equal (Wilkinson Pickett, 2009). The chapter is interesting, considering the debate surrounding the deregulation of tertiary education in Australia. It does give universities ability to form an identity, which is a way of saying it encourages elitism. After all, a university’s ‘prestige’ is generally attributed to how well-endowed it is. But is it just the first step to university privatisation? Will universities eventually just pursue profit like companies? List of references Reich, R., 2008. Supercapitalism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Wilkinson, R. and Pickett, K., 2010. The spirit level. London: Penguin Books.

Course note. Organizational behavior Essay

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR To distinguish and compare the various concepts and models of organizational behavior in a manner that-will help day-to-day conceptual, human, and communication skills of the students. To develop skills in diagnosing situations by encouraging them to participate actively in cases, topics, illustrations, and incidents that serve to provide operational meaning to the abstract concepts and models of organizational behavior. To assess and evaluate why certain events and behavioral processes occur in organizations and how, as managers, they can best affect the behavior of subordinates as well as other managers. COURSE DESCRIPTION This course utilizes the contingency approach to understanding organizational behavior. This approach seeks to understand the interrelations among the various parts of the organization. Each department, work group, or manager can be analyzed separately or as a unit related to other departments, work groups, or managers. 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Learning and Motivation ï‚ · The nature of learning. ï‚ · Learning theories. ï‚ · The nature of work motivation. ï‚ · Motivation theories ï‚ · ï‚ · CO2 Lecture Discussion ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis Na Na √ CO2 Lecture Discussion ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test Na Na ï‚ · Case Study Analysis √ Quiz 1 Mini Case 2 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR GROUP PROCESSES Work Groups and Teams ï‚ · The nature of work groups and teams. ï‚ · Formation and development of groups. ï‚ · Effective Work Groups and Teams. CO3 Lecture Discussion ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES Leadership ï‚ · Introduction to leadership. ï‚ · Leadership theories. CO3 Communication ï‚ · What is communication? ï‚ · The functions of communication. ï‚ · The communication process. Lecture Discussion ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis Na Na √ Na Na √ Na Na √ ï‚ · Quiz II ï‚ · Mini Case Decision Making ï‚ · What is decision making? ï‚ · Types of decision making. ï‚ · The decision making process. ï‚ · Group decision making. CO3 Lecture ï‚ · Test Discussion ï‚ · Case Study Presentation Analysis ï‚ · Group Presentation Na √ √ 3 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR ï‚ · Test 1 (2hours) INTERGROUP RELATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT Organizational Culture ï‚ · The concept of organizational culture. ï‚ · Determinants of organizational culture. ï‚ · Managing organizational culture. ï‚ · ï‚ · CO3 ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis ï‚ · Project Paper Na Lecture ï‚ · Quiz Discussion ï‚ · Test Presentation ï‚ · Case Study Analysis ï‚ · Group Presentation Na Na √ ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis ï‚ · Group Presentation Na Na √ Lecture Discussion √ √ Quiz III Mini Case Power, Politics, and conflict ï‚ · The nature of power and politics. ï‚ · Sources of power. ï‚ · What is organizational conflict. ï‚ · Model of organizational conflict. ï‚ · Conflict management techniques. Organizational Change ï‚ · What is organizational change? ï‚ · Organizational change theory. ï‚ · Forces for and resistance to organizational change. ï‚ · Managing change CO3 √ √ 4 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics ï‚ · What is social responsibility? ï‚ · Views of social responsibility. ï‚ · Arguments for and against social responsibility. ï‚ · What is managerial ethics. ï‚ · Factors that affect employee ethics. ï‚ · Ethics in international context. ï‚ · Improving ethical behavior. Lecture Discussion ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis ï‚ · Project Paper Na √ √ Test 2 (2 hours) Group / Team Project Presentation Submission of Group /Team Project: (Latest Deadline – A week after the final class/lecture) 5 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR TEACHING METHODOLOGY Lectures/Case Study Analysis/Discussions/Active Learning/Presentations/Projects ASSESSMENT 1. Test 2. Individual Assignments 3. Group Project 4. Final Assessment 10% 30% 30% 30% ———–100% ———— Total REFERENCES Main Reference: 1. Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., and Osborn, R. N. (2008). Organizational Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Supplementary References: 1. Asma Abdullah (2004). Going Glokal. Kuala Management (MIM). Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of 2. George, J. M. and Jones, R. J. (2008). Organizational Behavior (5th. Edition). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. 3. Gibson, J., Ivancevich, J., Donnelly Jr. J., and Konoposke, R. (2005). Organizations: Behavior, structures, processes. Boston: Irwin McGraw-hill. 4. Nelson, D. L. and Quick, J. C. (2006). Organizational Behavior: Foundations, Realities, and Challenges (12th. edition). Ohio: South-Western College Publishing. Journals ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Journal of Organizational Behavior, Academy of Management Journal, Journal of International Business Studies, Journal of Occupational Psychology, Journal of Applied Psychology 6 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Journals 1. 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